Some Favourite Blogs From 2006

A Collection of Blogs from 2006
Mar 22 Short Inspirational Movies
Mar 16 10 HARD Ways to Make Your Life Better
Mar 12 20 Stress Fixes for Better Sleep
Mar 1 Basics of Counselling – A 5 part series
Feb 22 Contact Them Affiliate Programme- Please Click on the link below
Feb 21 Danger – Proof that American Economy & Dollar WILL Collapse
Feb 21 10 of the Weirdest Facts about Former American Presidents
Feb 19 The Psychology of Sarcasm
Feb 16 What Kills More Than 8,000,000 People Every Year?
Feb 15 20 Things I’m Glad Life Taught Me
Feb 9 Over 500 Selected Websites
Feb 6 10 Accidental Inventions that Changed the World
Feb 3 Some Useful HR Resources
Feb 1 The Power of Spontaneity and How to Wield It
Jan 29 Tips for a Better Life
Jan 28 Murphy’s Lesser Known Laws
Jan 26 An Essay By Einstein
Jan 25 The Psychology of Success
Jan 23 7 Powerful Steps to Actually Getting Stuff Done
Jan 23 Can You Tell a Fake Smile From a Real One?
Jan 21 Train Your Eyes to See Color, Again
Jan 21 The Science of Sleep (why scientists are still in the dark)
Jan 19 The Hidden Force of Fragrance
Jan 18 Top 100 Funny Quotes
Jan 18 The 7 Spiritual Laws of Success
Jan 17 BBC- Reith Lectures-Very Useful Resource
Jan 17 This week on TED.COM : Design and building -Watch them
Jan 17 What are gravitational waves
Jan 16 NEWSWEEK.COM: “Mind Reading Is Now Possible” (78% accurate.)
Jan 16 Why do we behave the way we do ?
Aug 7 Torture Resources
Aug 1 Electrodes rouse man in coma-like state
May 19 Mental Development Similar Among Boys, Girls
May 13 Evaluating a psychological profile of a serial killer
May 13 Understanding torture and its effects
May 13 Resources on Trauma- Sidran Institute
May 13 PSYCHOLOGY BOOKS Recommended by American Psychological Association
May 8 Emotion in Mind
May 1 People’s SAARC- 2007-New Delhi
Apr 29 Scientists ‘reverse’ memory loss
Mar 4 Loving with all your … brain !!
Feb 22 Mental Health Archive
Feb 21 Mind Interactives From BBC
Feb 20 What is EMDR?
Feb 20 Self Improvement And Motivation- Searchable Archive
Feb 18 Mindfulness-based Cognitive Bahaviour Therapy
Feb 18 Human Brain Creates New Cells – Latest News
Feb 17 Science of The Heart: Exploring the Role of the Heart in Human Performance
Feb 16 Alexander Technique- Here are some resources to explore
Feb 16 BALANCING MIND AND BODY TO AVOID CANCER
Feb 15 Reith Lectures-BBC and TED Talks for some valuable inputs
Feb 14 BODY AND MIND -BBC Links
Feb 13 Phantoms in the Brain
Feb 7 Psychiatric Drugs- Cure or Quackery ?
Jan 19 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Jan 17 Let us move towards WELLNESS !! Also Chakra Energy
Jan 16 The Mind As Medicine
Jan 14 All you need to know about Sri Lanka- The Paradise Island
Jan 14 AYURVEDA IN SRI LANKA – What is Ayurveda & Where to get services
Jan 14 Love Is Real Medicine
Jan 13 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS – Bach flower, Homeopathy, Hypnosis
Jan 11 Using Visualization for Learning
Jan 7 Importance of Having Breakfast!
Jan 5 Integrative Medicine Newsletter
Jan 5 Health Week In Review
Jan 3 Did Acupuncture Originate In Sri Lanka ? 2001 News Item
Dec 24 EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF ANOTHER STATE OF REALITY
Nov 18 How strong is your MIND-BODY connection
Nov 3 Study Suggests New Health Benefits of Red Wine
Nov 1 Drinking coffee ‘is good for the heart’
Oct 26 I have learned…….
Oct 23 Happiness is a Voyage
Oct 16 Millennium Development Goals- Downloadable Tool Kit
Oct 15 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS(UDHR)
Oct 14 Bar Association Journal Article-May 2004- THERAPEUTIC JURISPRUDENCE
Oct 13 THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS-UN
Oct 12 Lateral thinking- here are the answers
Oct 8 PSYCHOLOGY RESOURCES
Oct 8 Lateral Thinking
Oct 7 How to Prevent Executive Derailment
Oct 4 Snoring: It May Be More Serious Than It Sounds
Sep 29 Overachievement !!
Sep 28 Cambridge University Findings on How Our Brains Operate
Sep 26 The Healing Touch
Sep 23 Rich Vs Poor
Sep 23 Who moved my Cheese
Sep 15 A Study Of Ecclesiastes- 11 & 12- FINAL
Sep 12 Are you a type ” D” ?
Sep 6 Stay Positive in the Face of Negativity
Sep 5 A Study Of Ecclesiastes – 9 & 10
Sep 5 The Quality of Fat in Your Diet May Be More Important for Your Heart Than the Quantity
Aug 31 Antioxidants: Antidote to Aging?
Aug 29 Adult Obesity
Aug 29 What Time Should You Exercise?
Aug 29 A Study of Ecclesiastes – 8
Aug 27 Hospitals Add Alternative Medicine
Aug 22 Old timers should enjoy this (newcomers too) Spiritual songs
Aug 20 JUDGEMENT DAY (Salvation Video)
Aug 20 The Thief (Video)
Aug 19 In her own words: Living with Parkinson’s disease
Aug 17 A Study of Ecclesiastes- 6 & 7
Aug 12 A study of Ecclesiastes- 4 & 5
Aug 6 Parkinson’s Disease
Jul 30 Mind -Body Walking: Medicine for Body and Spirit
Jul 29 Cancer Fatigue: It’s more than just being tired
Jul 24 Believe in Order to See
Jul 19 The Key to Effective Time Management
Jul 17 Musical Cures For Modern Ailments
Jul 15 Rheumatoid Arthritis
Jul 13 Stress Relievers
Jul 13 Eating Fish Protects Your Eyes
Jul 13 High Blood Pressure -HBP
Jul 11 Are you Taking Drugs You Don’t Need
Jul 10 Why Sleep is important for Memory
Jul 10 Hypnosis: Does it Work ?
Jul 9 ASTHMA CURE
Jul 6 Top 10 Reasons God Created Eve
Jul 6 Progress in Stroke Prevention
Jul 4 ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE RESOURCES
Jul 4 How to survive a Heart Attack when alone- A medical hoax !!
Jul 4 How to correctly identify a stroke- American National Stroke Association
Jul 4 Stroke
Jul 3 How I became my own Grandfather
Jul 3 Balancing Inner and Outer Healing
Jul 1 Living with Leukemia
Jun 27 Aromatherapy
Jun 27 Be Thankful in life Col 3: 12-17
Jun 23 Danger from excessive texting on phones
Jun 22 NET or Neuro -Emotional Technique
Jun 16 Pride in many Disguises;Prov 16:18
Jun 13 HOW TO BEGIN EACH DAY Psalm 57: 1-11
Jun 12 BEING VS DOING
Jun 9 WILL THIS STUDENT PSALM HELP ?
Jun 3 Adam and Eve
General Blog

Labour Law- Key Cases

Unfair dismissal

Airbus UK v Webb
(unreported, EWCA Civ 49, 7 February 2008, CA)

Five employees were found guilty of misconduct for misusing company time (by watching television during working hours). Four employees were given final written warnings, but one employee was dismissed. This was because he had been given a final written warning for a similar act of misconduct thirteen months earlier. The warning had expired three weeks before the second act of misconduct. The employee brought an unfair dismissal claim which was upheld by an employment tribunal and the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT).

The Court of Appeal (CA) over turned the decision of the EAT, and held that the employee was not unfairly dismissed because the employer had relied on an expired warning. In a previous case Diosynth Ltd v Thomson [2006] IRLR 284 CS it was held that a spent warning should be ignored for all purposes. However the CA said that Diosynth was only authority for stating that it would be unreasonable for an employer to rely on an expired warning as a principle reason for dismissal. The CA also stated that under Diosynth the expired warning ‘tipped the balance’ in favour of dismissal (as other factors taken together would not have justified dismissal), but in the present case the employee was dismissed mainly because of his misconduct and not because of the expired warning.

Implications for employers:

  • Employers who take expired warnings into account before implementing a dismissal will not necessarily have unfairly dismissed the employee. However, such a practice is still very risky.
  • As a matter of best practice employers should not rely on expired warnings, especially not as the principal reason for dismissal.
  • If an employer does rely on an expired warning and there is also underlying misconduct, it may be reasonable to take the warning into account as well -provided that the subsequent misconduct is sufficient to warrant dismissal in its own right.

Stress

Deadman v Bristol City Council
[2007] IRLR 888 CA

A council employee was accused of sexual harassment. The council’s policy was that all harassment claims should be sensitively dealt with and investigated by a three-person panel. However, the investigation was carried out by a two-person panel and the employee raised a grievance. The council upheld his grievance, but left a letter on his desk informing him that the claims would be investigated by a three-person panel. The employee went off sick with depression and did not return to work. He then brought a personal injury claim. He argued, based on several Council documents that were not in his employment contract, that the Council had a contractual obligation to act sensitively and had failed to do so by merely leaving the letter on his desk telling him that the matter would be re-investigated.His claim was upheld by the High Court which held that the council was in breach of the employment contract and that it was reasonably foreseeable that such a breach would case a psychiatric illness.

This decision was overturned by the Court of Appeal which held that the use of a two-person panel was in breach of contract but it was not reasonably foreseeable that this would cause the employee a psychiatric illness.

Implications for employers:

  • Employers will only be vulnerable to such claims if the harm suffered by the employee was a reasonably foreseeable result of the employer’s actions.
  • At the very least, employers should follow their own policies and procedures and any statutory procedures carefully.
  • If employers implement contractual procedures, very careful attention should be paid to the wording as there may be a contractual term that the employer must follow its published procedure to the letter in the investigation of any complaints made against the employee.
  • Employers will always be subject to the implied obligation of mutual trust and confidence, and the duty to take reasonable care, but any damage suffered by an employee must still be reasonably foreseeable.

Sex discrimination

Madarassy v Nomura International plc 
[2007] IRLR 246, CA)

The Court of Appeal held that an employer is not obliged to prove that an employee was treated fairly once she had established that as a pregnant woman she had been discriminated against.

The employee, a banker, who claimed that she had suffered discrimination while pregnant went on maternity leave in March 2001. She also claimed that when she was on maternity leave she was not informed that her department was being restructured which put her at a disadvantage in the restructuring and redundancy process. In November 2001 she was dismissed for redundancy. She brought £1 million proceedings for discrimination citing 33 allegations. These allegations were dismissed by the employment tribunal and Employment Appeal Tribunal, apart from one concerning the employer’s failure to carry out a health and safety assessment relating to her pregnancy.

The Court of Appeal had to decide what degree of unfair behaviour an employee was required to establish to transfer the burden of proof onto the employer to prove that it did not act unfairly. The Court of Appeal concluded that there had to be more than a set of circumstances where the tribunal could ‘conclude’ discrimination. Differences in status and treatment were not sufficient to establish a prima facie case of discrimination. It also ruled that the employer was correct in not carrying out a risk assessment as there was no evidence from the employer that her working conditions put her at risk. The employee is intending to appeal to the House of Lords.

Implications for employers:

  • This is an important decision for employers who are now less exposed to sex discrimination claims in such circumstances as it will be harder for employees to establish that discrimination took place.
  • In cases under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 the employee always has to prove a prima facie case of sex discrimination. Previous cases have set this threshold at a very low level. The level now appears to be higher.
  • However if a similar dismissal does take place the timing i.e straight after return from maternity leave will not of itself show a prima facie case of discrimination against the employer.
  • There must be some other link in addition to the timing which suggests there may be a discriminatory reason for the dismissal, thereby enabling the employee to get the claim off the ground.
  • An employee wishing to claim discrimination also now needs to show more than mere differences in status or treatment to force the employer to show that they have not discriminated. There needs to be something more than that.
  • Despite this decision obviously the safest, most cautious, course of action for employers is always to try and avoid dismissing employees (or selecting them for redundancy) whilst they are pregnant, or during/upon return from maternity leave.

General Blog Law

New Book-Employment Law

An Introduction for HR and Business Students

 

 

Kathy Daniels

 

Pages: 288   Published: March 2008

 
ISBN: 1843981882
ISBN13: 9781843981886
 

Price: £24.99

 


Description

 
 

Employment Law can be a challenging subject for students who have no prior experience of studying or working with Law.

Employment Law: An Introduction for HRM and Business Students is an ideal text for those business students on undergraduate and postgraduate courses who are taking a module in Employment Law. It covers a comprehensive range of topics enabling students to gain a solid understanding of the key principles of the subject. The engaging, authoritative writing style and range of learning features make this a refreshingly accessible and student-friendly read.

This new edition has been thoroughly updated, and includes expanded coverage of the impact of EU Law, and Discrimination Law including ageism, sexual orientation, religious belief, harassment and disability.

Each chapter includes summaries of topical and relevant cases, direction to key sources of legal information and suggestions for further reading while covering the CIPD Standards for the Employment Law elective on the Professional Development Scheme (PDS).

This text includes a range of case studies, tasks and examples to consolidate learning and includes a brand new section on Employment Law study skills to help students get to grips with how to access and read law reports, understand the sources of the law, find and use up-to-date legal information (particularly websites) and how to prepare for exams and written assignments.

  
 

Contents

 

Cases referred to in this book
Legislation referred to in this book
Preface
Acknowledgements

Studying Employment Law
The Formation of Employment Law
The Employment Tribunals and Employment Appeal Tribunal
Contract of Employment
Atypical Contracts and the Variation of Contracts
Individual Protection Rights
Discrimination (1)
Discrimination (2)
Termination of Employment (1)
Termination of Employment (2)
Trade Union Legislation
Privacy and Confidential Information
Health and Safety Legislation

Useful Websites
Index.

  

 

About the author(s)

 

Kathy Daniels

Kathy teaches at Aston Business School and is a tutor for ICS Ltd in Employment Law and related topics. She is also a tutor on the Advanced Certificate in Employment for the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. She is a fellow of the CIPD. She is a lay member of the Employment Tribunals, sitting in Birmingham. Prior to these appointments she was a Senior Personnel Manager in the manufacturing sector. Kathy has also written for a number of other CIPD texts including ''Employee Relations in an Organisational Context'', ''Equality, Diversity and Discrimination'' with Lynda Macdonald, and the forthcoming textbook from the Aston Centre of Human Resources, ''Strategic Human Resource Management: Building Research-Based Practice''.

General Blog Law

Ghosts of The Hilo Hills- Maui Legends

GHOSTS OF THE HILO HILLS.

THE legends about Hina
and her famous son Maui and her less widely known daughters are common
property among the natives of the beautiful little city of Hilo. One of
these legends of more than ordinary interest finds its location in the
three small hills back of Hilo toward the mountains.

These hills are small craters connected with some ancient lava flow
of unusual violence. The eruption must have started far up on the
slopes of Mauna Loa. As it sped down toward the sea it met some
obstruction which, although overwhelmed, checked the flow and caused a
great mass of cinders and ashes to be thrown out until a large hill
with a hollow crater was built up, covering many acres of ground.

Soon the lava found another vent and then another obstruction and a
second and then a third hill were formed nearer the sea. These hills or
extinct craters bear the names Halai, Opeapea and Puu Honu. They are
not far from the Wailuku river, famous for its picturesque waterfalls
and also for the legends which are told along its banks. Here Maui had
his lands overlooking the steep bluffs. Here in a cave under the
Rainbow Falls was the home of Hina, the mother of Maui, according to
the Hawaiian stories. Other parts of the Pacific sometimes make Hina
Maui’s wife, and sometimes a goddess from whom he descended. In the
South Sea legends Hina was thought to have married the moon. Her home
was in the skies, where she wove beautiful tapa cloths (the clouds),
which were bright and glistening, so that when she rolled them up
flashes of light (cloud lightning) could be seen on the earth. She laid
heavy stones on the corners of these tapas, but sometimes the stones
rolled off and made the thunder. Hina of the Rainbow Falls was a famous
tapa maker whose tapa was the cause of Maui’s conflict with the sun.

Hina had several daughters, four of whose names are given: Hina Ke
Ahi, Hina Ke Kai, Hina Mahuia, and Hina Kuluua. Each name marked the
peculiar "mana" or divine gift which Hina, the mother, had bestowed
upon her daughters.

Hina Ke Ahi meant the Hina who had control of fire. This name is
sometimes given to Hina the mother. Hina Ke Kai was the daughter who
had power over the sea. She was said to have been in a canoe with her
brother Maui when he fished up Cocoanut Island, his line breaking
before he could pull it up to the mainland and make it fast. Hina
Kuluua was the mistress over the forces of rain. The winds and the
storms were supposed to obey her will. Hina Mahuia is peculiarly a name
connected with the legends of the other island groups of the Pacific.
Mahuia or Mafuie was a god or goddess of fire all through Polynesia.

The legend of the Hilo hills pertains especially to Hina Ke Ahi and
Hina Kuluua. Hina the mother gave the hill Halai to Hina Ke Ahi and the
hill Puu Honu to Hina Kuluua for their families and dependents.

The hills were of rich soil and there was much rain. Therefore, for
a long time, the two daughters had plenty of food for themselves and
their people, but at last the days were like fire and the sky had no
rain in it. The taro planted on the hillsides died. The bananas and
sugar cane and sweet potatoes withered and the fruit on the trees was
blasted. The people were faint because of hunger, and the shadow of
death was over the land. Hina Ke Ahi pitied her suffering friends and
determined to provide food for them. Slowly her people labored at her
command. Over they went to the banks of the river course, which was
only the bed of an ancient lava stream, over which no water was
flowing; the famished laborers toiled, gathering and carrying back
whatever wood they could find, then up the mountain side to the great
koa and ohia forests, gathering their burdens of fuel according to the
wishes of their chiefess.

Their sorcerers planted charms along the way and uttered
incantations to ward off the danger of failure. The priests offered
sacrifices and prayers for the safe and successful return of the
burden-bearers. After many days the great quantity of wood desired by
the goddess was piled up by the side of the Halai Hill.

Then came the days of digging out the hill and making a great imu or
cooking oven and preparing it with stones and wood. Large quantities of
wood were thrown into the place. Stones best fitted for retaining heat
were gathered and the fires kindled. When the stones were hot, Hina Ke
Ahi directed the people to arrange the imu in its proper order for
cooking the materials for a great feast. A place was made for sweet
potatoes, another for taro, another for pigs and another for dogs. All
the form of preparing the food for cooking was passed through, but no
real food was laid on the stones. Then Hina told them to make a place
in the imu for a human sacrifice. Probably out of every imu of the long
ago a small part of the food was offered to the gods, and there may
have been a special place in the imu for that part of the food to be
cooked. At any rate Hina had this oven so built that the people
understood that a remarkable sacrifice would be offered in it to the
gods, who for some reason had sent the famine upon the people.

Human sacrifices were frequently offered by the Hawaiians even after
the days of the coming of Captain Cook. A dead body was supposed to be
acceptable to the gods when a chief’s house was built, when a chief’s
new canoe was to be made or when temple walls were to be erected or
victories celebrated. The bodies of the people belonged to the will of
the chief. Therefore it was in quiet despair that the workmen obeyed
Hina Ke Ahi and prepared the place for sacrifice. It might mean their
own holocaust as an offering to the gods. At last Hina Ke Ahi bade the
laborers cease their work and stand by the side of the oven ready to
cover it with the dirt which had been thrown out and piled up by the
side. The people stood by, not knowing upon whom, the blow might fall.

But Hina Ke Ahi was "Hina the kind," and although she stood before
them robed in royal majesty and power, still her face was full of pity
and love. Her voice melted the hearts of her retainers as she bade them
carefully follow her directions.

"O my people. Where are you? Will you obey and do as I command? This
imu is my imu. I shall lie down on its bed of burning stones. I shall
sleep under its cover. But deeply cover ine or I may perish. Quickly
throw the dirt over in), body. Fear not the fire. Watch for three days.
A woman will stand by the imu. Obey her will."

Hina Ke Ahi was very beautiful, and her eyes flashed light like fire
as she stepped into the great pit and lay down on the burning stones. A
great smoke arose and gathered over the imu. The men toiled rapidly,
placing the imu mats over their chiefess and throwing the dirt back
into the oven until it was all thoroughly covered and the smoke was
quenched.

Then they waited for the strange, mysterious thing which must follow the sacrifice of this divine chiefess.

Halai hill trembled and earthquakes shook the land round about. The
great heat of the fire in the imu withered the little life which was
still left from the famine. Meanwhile Hina Ke Ahi was carrying out her
plan for securing aid for her people. She could not be injured by the
heat for she was a goddess of fire. The waves of heat raged around her
as she sank down through the stones of the imu into the underground
paths which belonged to the spirit world. The legend says that Hina
made her appearance in the form of a gushing stream of water which
would always supply the want of her adherents. The second day passed.
Hina was still journeying underground, but this time she came to the
surface as a pool named Moe Waa (canoe sleep) much nearer the sea. The
third day came and Hina caused a great spring of sweet water to burst
forth from the sea shore in the very path of the ocean surf. This
received the name Auauwai. Here Hina washed away all traces of her
journey through the depths. This was the last of the series of
earthquakes and the appearance of new water springs. The people waited,
feeling that some more wonderful event must follow the remarkable
experiences of the three days. Soon a woman stood by the imu, who
commanded the laborers to dig away the dirt and remove the mats. When
this was done, the hungry people found a very great abundance of food,
enough to supply their want until the food plants should have time to
ripen and the days of the famine should be over.

The joy of the people was great when they knew that their chiefess
had escaped death and would still dwell among them in comfort. Many
were the songs sung and stories told about the great famine and the
success of the goddess of fire.

The second sister, Hina Kuluua, the goddess of rain, was always very
jealous of her beautiful sister Hina Ke Ahi, and many times sent rain
to put out fires which her sister tried to kindle. Hina Ke Ahi could
not stand the rain and so fled with her people to a home by the seaside.

Hina Kuluua (or Hina Kuliua as she was sometimes known among the
Hawaiians) could control rain and storms, but for some reason failed to
provide a food supply for her people, and the famine wrought havoc
among them. She thought of the stories told and songs sung about her
sister and wished for the same honor for herself. She commanded her
people to make a great imu for her in the hill Pun Honu. She knew that
a strange power belonged to her and yet, blinded by jealousy, forgot
that rain and fire could not work together. She planned to furnish a
great supply of food for her people in the same way in which her sister
had worked.

The oven was dug. Stones and wood were collected and the same
ghostly array of potatoes, taro, pig and dog prepared as had been done
before by her sister.

The kahunas or priests knew’that Hina Kuluua was going out of her
province in trying to do as her sister had done, but there was no use
in attempting to change her plans. jealousy is self-willed and
obstinate and no amount of reasoning from her dependents could have any
influence over her.

The ordinary incantations were observed, and Hina Kulutia gave the
same directions as those her sister had given. The imu was to be well
heated. The make-believe food was to be put in and a place left for her
body. It was the goddess of rain making ready to lie down on a bed
prepared for the goddess of fire. When all was ready, she lay down on
the heated stones and the oven mats were thrown over her and the
ghostly provisions. Then the covering of dirt was thrown back upon the
mats and heated stones, filling the pit which had been dug. The goddess
of rain was left to prepare a feast for her people as the goddess of
fire had done for herfollowers.

Some of the legends have introduced the demi-god Maui into this
story. The natives say that Maui came to "burn" or "cook the rain" and
that he made the oven very hot, but that the goddess of rain escaped
and hung over the hill in the form of a cloud. At least this is what
the people saw-not a cloud of smoke over the imu, but a rain cloud.
They waited and watched for such evidences of underground labor as
attended the passage of Hina Ke Ahi through the earth from the hill to
the sea, but the only strange appearance was the dark rain cloud. They
waited three days and looked for their chiefess to come in the form of
a woman. They waited another day and still another and no signs or
wonders were rnanifest. Meanwhile Maui, changing himself into a white
bird, flew up into the sky to catch the ghost of the goddess of rain
which had escaped from the burning oven. Having caught this spirit, he
rolled it in some kapa cloth which lie kept for food to be placed in an
oven and carried it to a place in the forest on the mountain side where
again the attempt was made to "burn the rain," but a great drop escaped
and sped upward into the sky. Again Maui can ht the ghost of the
goddess and carried it to a pali or precipice below the great volcano
Kilauea, where he again tried to destroy it in the heat of a great lava
oven, but this time the spirit escaped and found a safe refuge among
kukui trees on the mountain side, from which she sometimes rises in
clouds which the natives say are the sure sign of rain.

Whether this Maui legend has any real connection with the two Hinas
and the famine we do not surely know. The legend ordinarily told among
the Hawaiians says that after five days had passed the retainers
decided on their own responsibility to open the imu. No woman had
appeared to give them directions. Nothing but a mysterious rain cloud
over the hill. In doubt and fear, the dirt was thrown off and the mats
removed. Nothing was found but the ashes of Hina Kuluua. There was no
food for her followers and the goddess had lost all power of appearing
as a chiefess. Her bitter and thoughtless jealousy brought destruction
upon herself and her people. The ghosts of Hina Ke Ahi and Hina Kuluua
sometimes draw near to the old hills in the form of the fire of flowing
lava or clouds of rain while the old men and women tell the story of
the Hinas, the sisters of Maui, who were laid upon the burning stones
of the imus of a famine.

General Blog

Legends of Maui

MAUI’S HOME

FOUR BROTHERS, each
bearing the name of Maui, belong to Hawaiian legend. They accomplished
little as a family, except on special occasions when the youngest of
the household awakened his brothers by some unexpected trick which drew
them into unwonted action. The legends of Hawaii, Tonga, Tahiti, New
Zealand and the Hervey group make this youngest Maui "the discoverer of
fire" or "the ensnarer of the sun" or "the fisherman who pulls up
islands" or "the man endowed with magic," or "Maui with spirit power."
The legends vary somewhat, of course, but not as much as might be
expected when the thousands of miles between various groups of islands
are taken into consideration.

Maui was one of the Polynesian demi-gods. His parents belonged to
the family of supernatural beings. He himself was possessed of
supernatural powers and was supposed to make use of all manner of
enchantments. In New Zealand antiquity a Maui was said to have assisted
other gods in the creation of man. Nevertheless Maui was very human. He
lived in thatched houses, had wives and children, and was scolded by
the women for not properly supporting his household.

The time of his sojourn among men is very indefinite. In Hawaiian
genealogies Maui and his brothers were placed among the descendants of
Ulu and "the sons of Kii," and Maui was one of the ancestors of
Kamehameha, the first king of the united Hawaiian Islands. This would
place him in the seventh or eighth century of the Christian Era. But it
is more probable that Maui belongs to the mist-land of time. His
mischievous pranks with the various gods would make him another Mercury
living in any age from the creation to the beginning of the Christian
era.

The Hervey Island legends state that Maui’s father was "the
supporter of the heavens" and his mother "the guardian of the road to
the invisible world."

In the Hawaiian chant, Akalana was the name of his father. In other
groups this was the name by which his mother was known. Kanaloa, the
god, is sometimes known as the father of Maui. In Hawaii Hina was his
mother. Elsewhere Ina, or Hina, was the grandmother, from whom he
secured fire.

The Hervey Island legends say that four mighty ones lived in the old
world from which their ancestors came. This old world bore the name
Ava-iki, which is the same as Hawa-ii, or Hawaii. The four gods were
Mauike, Ra, Ru, and Bua-Taranga.

It is interesting to trace the connection of these four names with
Polynesian mythology. Mauike is the same as the demi-god of New
Zealand, Mafuike. On other islands the name is spelled Mauika, Mafuika,
Mafuia, Mafuie, and Mahuika. Ra, the sun god of Egypt, is the same as
Ra in New Zealand and La (sun) in Hawaii. Ru, the supporter of the
heavens, is probably the Ku of Hawaii, and the Tu of New Zealand and
other islands, one of the greatest of the gods worshiped by the ancient
Hawaiians. The fourth mighty one from Ava-ika was a woman, Bua-taranga,
who guarded the path to the underworld. Talanga in Samoa, and Akalana
in Hawaii were the same as Taranga. Pua-kalana (the Kalana flower)
would probably be the same in Hawaiian as Bua-taranga in the language
of the Society Islands.

Ru, the supporter of the Heavens, married Buataranga, the guardian
of the lower world. Their one child was Maui. The legends of Raro-Toaga
state that Maui’s father and mother were the children of Tangaroa
(Kanaloa in Hawaiian), the great god worshiped throughout Polynesia.
There were three Maui brothers and one sister, Ina-ika (Ina, the fish).

The New Zealand legends relate the incidents of the babyhood of Maui.

Maui was prematurely born, and his mother, not, caring to be
troubled with him, cut off a lock of her hair, tied it around him and
cast him into the sea. In this way the name came to him,
Maui-Tiki-Tiki, or "Maui formed in the topknot." The waters bore him
safely. The jelly fish enwrapped and mothered him. The god of the seas
cared for and protected him. He was carried to the god’s house and hung
up in the roof that he inight feel the warm air of the fire, and be
cherished into life. When he was old enough, he came to his relations
while they were all gathered in the great House of Assembly, dancing
and making merry. Little Maui crept in and sat down behind his
brothers. Soon his mother called the children and found a strange
child, who proved that he was her son, and was taken in as one of the
family. Some of the brothers were jealous, but the eldest addressed the
others as follows:

"Never mind; let him be our dear brother. In the days of peace
remember the proverb, ‘When you are on friendly terms, settle your
disputes in a friendly way; when you are at war, you must redress your
injuries by violence.’ It is better for us, brothers, to be kind to
other people. These are the ways by which men gain influence-by
laboring for abundance of food to feed others, by collecting property
to give to others, and by similar means by which you promote the good
of others."

Thus, according to the New Zealand story related by Sir George Grey, Maui was received in his home.

Maui’s home was placed by some of the Hawaiian myths at Kauiki, a
foothill of the great extinct crater Haleakala, on the Island of Maui.
It was here he lived when the sky was raised to its present position.
Here was located the famous fort around which many battles were fought
during the years immediately preceding the coming of Captain Cook. This
fort was held by warriors of the Island of Hawaii a number of years. It
was from this home that Maui was supposed to have journeyed when he
climbed Mt. Haleakala to ensnare the sun.

And yet most of the Hawaiian legends place Maui’s home by the rugged
black lava beds of the Wailuku river near Hilo on the island Hawaii.
Here he lived when he found the way to make fire by rubbing sticks
together, and when he killed Kuna, the great eel, and performed other
feats of valor. He was supposed to cultivate the land on the north side
of the river. His mother, usually known as Hina, had her home in a lava
cave under the beautiful Rainbow Falls, one of the fine scenic
attractions of Hilo. An ancient demigod, wishing to destroy this home,
threw a great mass of lava across the stream below the falls. The
rising water was fast filling the cave.

Hina called loudly to her powerful son Maui. He came quickly and
found that a large and strong ridge of lava lay across the stream. One
end rested against a small hill. Maui struck the rock on the other side
of the hill and thus broke a new pathway for the river. The water
swiftly flowed away and the cave remained as the home of the Maui
family.

According to the King Kalakaua family legend, translated by Queen
Liliuokalani, Maui and his brothers also made this place their home.
Here he aroused the anger of two uncles, his mother’s brothers, who
were called "Tall Post" and "Short Post," because they guarded the
entrance to a cave in which the Maui family probably had its home.

"They fought hard with Maui, and were thrown, and red water flowed
freely from Maui’s forehead. This was the first shower by Maui."
Perhaps some family discipline followed this knocking down of door
posts, for it is said:

"They fetched the sacred Awa bush,
Then came the second shower by Maui;
The third shower was when the elbow of Awa was broken;
The fourth shower came with the sacred bamboo."

Maui’s mother, so says a New Zealand legend, had her home in the
under-world as well as with her children. Maui determined to find the
hidden dwelling place. His mother would meet the children in the
evening and lie down to sleep with them and then disappear with the
first appearance of dawn. Maui remained awake one night, and when all
were asleep, arose quietly and stopped up every crevice by which a ray
of light could enter. The morning came and the sun mounted up-far up in
the sky. At last his mother leaped up and tore away the things which
shut out the light.

"Oh, dear; oh, dear! She saw the sun high in the heavens; so she
hurried away, crying at the thought of having been so badly treated by
her own children."

Maui watched her as she pulled up a tuft of grass and disappeared in the earth, pulling the grass back to its place.

Thus Maui found the path to the under-world. Soon he transformed
himself into a pigeon and flew down, through the cave, until he saw a
party of people under a sacred tree, like those growing in the ancient
first Hawaii. He flew to the tree and threw down berries upon the
people. They threw back stones. At last he permitted a stone from his
father to strike him, and he fell to the ground. "They ran to catch him
but lo! the pigeon had turned into a man."

Then his father "took him to the water to be baptized" (possibly a
modern addition to the legend). Prayers were offered and ceremonies
passed through. But the prayers were incomplete and Maui’s father knew
that the gods would be angry and cause Maui’s death, and all because in
the hurried baptism a part of the prayers had been left unsaid. Then
Maui returned to the upper world and lived again with his brothers.

Maui commenced his mischievous life early, for Hervey Islanders say
that one day the children were playing a game dearly loved by
Polynesians- hide-and-seek. Here a sister enters into the game and
hides little Maui under a pile of dry sticks. His brothers could not
find him, and the sister told them where to look. The sticks were
carefully handled, but the child could not be found. He had shrunk
himself so small that he was like an insect under some sticks and
leaves. Thus early he began to use enchantments.

Maui’s home, at the best, was only a sorry affair. Gods and demigods
lived in caves and small grass houses. The thatch rapidly rotted and
required continual renewal. In a very short time the heavy rains beat
through the decaying roof. The home was without windows or doors, save
as low openings in the ends or sides allowed entrance to those willing
to crawl through. Off on one side would be the rude shelter, in the
shadow of which Hina pounded the bark of certain trees into wood pulp
and then into strips of thin, soft wood-paper, which bore the name of
"Tapa cloth." This cloth Hina prepared for the clothing of Maui and his
brothers. Tapa cloth was often treated to a coat of cocoa-nut, or
candle-nut oil, making it somewhat waterproof and also more durable.

Here Maui lived on edible roots and fruits and raw fish, knowing
little about cooked food, for the art of fire making was not yet known.
In later years Maui was supposed to live on the eastern end of the
island Maui, and also in another home on the large island Hawaii, on
which he discovered how to make fire by rubbing dry sticks together.
Maui was the Polynesian Mercury. As a little fellow he was endowed with
peculiar powers, permitting him to become invisible or to change his
human form into that of an animal. He was ready to take anything from
any one by craft or force. Nevertheless, like the thefts of Mercury,
his pranks usually benefited mankind.

It is a little curious that around the different homes of Maui,
there is so little record of temples and priests and altars. He lived
too far back for priestly customs. His story is the rude, mythical
survival of the days when of church and civil government there was none
and worship of the gods was practically unknown, but every man was a
law unto himself, and also to the other man, and quick retaliation
followed any injury received. From writings of Westervelt

General Blog

Some Characteristics of Medieval Thought

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIEVAL THOUGHT

IN the earliest days of his upward evolution man was satisfied with
a very crude explanation of natural phenomena–that to which the name
"animism" has been given. In this stage of mental development all the
various forces of Nature are personified: the rushing torrent, the
devastating fire, the wind rustling the forest leaves–in the mind of
the animistic savage all these are personalities, spirits, like
himself, but animated by motives more or less antagonistic to him.

I suppose that no possible exception could be taken to the statement
that modern science renders animism impossible. But let us inquire in
exactly what sense this is true. It is not true that science robs
natural phenomena of their spiritual significance. The mistake is often
made of supposing that science explains, or endeavours to explain,
phenomena. But that is the business of philosophy. The task science
attempts is the simpler one of the correlation of natural phenomena,
and in this effort leaves the ultimate problems of metaphysics
untouched. A universe, however, whose phenomena are not only capable of
some degree of correlation, but present the extraordinary degree of
harmony and unity which science makes manifest in Nature, cannot be, as
in animism, the product of a vast number of incoordinated and
antagonistic wills, but must either be the product of one Will, or not
the product of will at all.

The latter alternative means that the Cosmos is inexplicable, which
not only man’s growing experience, but the fact that man and the
universe form essentially a unity, forbid us to believe. The term
"anthropomorphic" is too easily applied to philosophical systems, as if
it constituted a criticism of their validity. For if it be true, as all
must admit, that the unknown can only be explained in terms of the
known, then the universe must either be explained in terms of man–i.e.
in terms of will or desire–or remain incomprehensible. That is to say,
a philosophy must either be anthropomorphic, or no philosophy at all.

Thus a metaphysical scrutiny of the results of modern science leads
us to a belief in God. But man felt the need of unity, and crude
animism, though a step in the right direction, failed to satisfy his
thought, long before the days of modern science. The spirits of
animism, however, were not discarded, but were modified, co-ordinated,
and worked into a system as servants of the Most High. Polytheism may
mark a stage in this process; or, perhaps, it was a result of mental
degeneracy.

What I may term systematised as distinguished from crude animism
persisted throughout the Middle Ages. The work of systematisation had
already been accomplished, to a large extent, by the Neo-Platonists and
whoever were responsible for the Kabala. It is true that these main
sources of magical or animistic philosophy remained hidden during the
greater part of the Middle Ages; but at about their close the youthful
and enthusiastic CORNELIUS AGRIPPA (1486-1535)  slaked his thirst
thereat and produced his own attempt at the systematisation of magical
belief in the famous Three Books of Occult Philosophy. But the waters
of magical philosophy reached the mediaeval mind through various
devious channels, traditional on the one hand and literary on the
other. And of the latter, the works of pseudo-DIONYSIUS,  whose
immense influence upon mediaeval thought has sometimes been neglected,
must certainly be noted.

The most obvious example of a mediaeval animistic belief is that in
"elementals" –the spirits which personify the primordial forces of
Nature, and are symbolised by the four elements, immanent in which they
were supposed to exist, and through which they were held to manifest
their powers. And astrology, it must be remembered, is essentially a
systematised Animism. The stars, to the ancients, were not material bodies like
the earth, but spiritual beings. PLATO (427-347 B.C.) speaks of them as
"gods". Mediaeval thought did not regard them in quite this way. But
for those who believed in astrology, and few, I think, did not, the
stars were still symbols of spiritual forces operative on man.
Evidences of the wide extent of astrological belief in those days are
abundant, many instances of which we shall doubtless encounter in our
excursions.

It has been said that the theological and philosophical atmosphere
of the Middle Ages was "scholastic," not mystical. No doubt
"mysticism," as a mode of life aiming at the realisation of the
presence of God, is as distinct from scholasticism as empiricism is
from rationalism, or "tough-minded" philosophy (to use JAMES’ happy
phrase) is from "tender-minded". But no philosophy can be absolutely
and purely deductive. It must start from certain empirically determined
facts. A man might be an extreme empiricist in religion (i.e. a
mystic), and yet might attempt to deduce all other forms of knowledge
from the results of his religious experiences, never caring to gather
experience in any other realm. Hence the breach between mysticism and
scholasticism is not really so wide as may appear at first sight.
Indeed, scholasticism officially recognised three branches of theology,
of which the mystical was one. I think that mysticism and scholasticism
both had a profound influence on the mediaeval mind, sometimes acting
as opposing forces, sometimes operating harmoniously with one another.
As Professor WINDEL-BAND puts it: "We no longer onesidedly characterise
the philosophy of the middle ages as scholasticism, but rather place
mysticism beside it as of equal rank, and even as being the more
fruitful and promising movement."

Alchemy, with its four Aristotelian or scholastic elements and its
three mystical principles–sulphur, mercury, salt,–must be cited as
the outstanding product of the combined influence of mysticism and
scholasticism: of mysticism, which postulated the unity of the Cosmos,
and hence taught that evervthing natural is the expressive image and
type of some supernatural reality; of scholasticism, which taught men
to rely upon deduction and to restrict expermentation to the smallest
possible limits.

The mind naturally proceeds from the known, or from what is supposed
to be known, to the unknown. Indeed, as I have already indicated, it
must so proceed if truth is to be gained. Now what did the men of the
Middle Ages regard as filling into the category of the known? Why,
surely, the truths of revealed religion, whether accepted upon
authority or upon the evidence of their own experience. The realm of
spiritual and moral reality: there, they felt, they were on firm
ground. Nature was a realm unknown; but they had analogy to guide, or,
rather, misguide them. Nevertheless if, as we know, it misguided, this
was not, I think, because the mystical doctrine of the correspondence
between the spiritual and the natural is unsound, but because these
ancient seekers into Nature’s secrets knew so little, and so frequently
misapplied what they did know. So alchemical philosophy arose and became systematised, with its wonderful
endeavour to perfect the base metals by the Philosopher’s Stone–the
concentrated Essence of Nature,–as man’s soul is perfected through the
life-giving power Of JESUS CHRIST.

I want, in conclusion to these brief introductory remarks, to say a
few words concerning phallicism in connection with my topic. For some
"tender-minded " [1] and, to my thought, obscure, reason the subject is
tabooed. Even the British Museum does not include works on phallicism
in its catalogue, and special permission has to be obtained to consult
them. Yet the subject is of vast importance as concerns the origin and
development of religion and philosophy, and the extent of phallic
worship may be gathered from the widespread occurrence of obelisks and
similar objects amongst ancient relics. Our own maypole dances may be
instanced as one survival of the ancient worship of the male generative
principle.

What could be more easy to understand than that, when man first
questioned as to the creation of the earth, he should suppose it to
have been generated by some process analogous to that which he saw held
in the case of man? How else could he account for its origin, if
knowledge must proceed from the known to the unknown? No one questions
at all that the worship of the human generative organs as symbols of
the dual generative principle of Nature degenerated into orgies of the
most frightful character, but the view of Nature which thus degenerated is not, I think, an altogether unsound one, and very interesting remnants of it are to be found in mediaeval philosophy.

These remnants are very marked in alchemy. The metals, as I have
suggested, are there regarded as types of man; hence they are produced
from seed, through the combination of male and female
principles–mercury and sulphur, which on the spiritual plane are
intelligence and love. The same is true of that Stone which is perfect
Man. As BERNARD Of TREVISAN (1406-1490) wrote in the fifteenth century:
"This Stone then is compounded of a Body and Spirit, or of a volatile
and fixed Substance, and that is therefore done, because nothing in the
World can be generated and brought to light without these two
Substances, to wit, a Male and Female: From whence it appeareth, that
although these two Substances are not of one and the same species, yet
one Stone doth thence arise, and although they appear and are said to
be two Substances, yet in truth it is but one, to wit, Argent-vive."[1]
No doubt this sounds fantastic; but with all their seeming intellectual
follies these old thinkers were no fools. The fact of sex is the most
fundamental fact of the universe, and is a spiritual and physical as
well as a physiological fact. I shall deal with the subject as concerns
the speculations of the alchemists in some detail in a later excursion. Ideas expressed by Stanley Redgrove

General Blog Religion & Philosophy

The Story of Atlantis

The Story of Atlantis

For readers unacquainted with the progress that has been made in
recent years by earnest students of occultism attached to the
Theosophical Society, the significance of the statement embodied in the
following pages would be misapprehended without some preliminary
explanation. Historical research has depended for western civilization
hitherto, on written records of one kind or another. When literary
memoranda have fallen short, stone monuments have sometimes been
available, and fossil remains have given us a few unequivocal, though
inarticulate assurances concerning the antiquity of the human race; but
modern culture has lost sight of or has overlooked possibilities
connected with the investigation of past events, which are independent
of fallible evidence transmitted to us by ancient writers. The world at
large is thus at present so imperfectly alive to the resources of human
faculty, that by most people as yet, the very existence, even as a
potentiality, of psychic powers, which some of us all the while are
consciously exercising every day, is scornfully denied and derided. The
situation is sadly ludicrous from the point of view of those who
appreciate the prospects of evolution, because mankind is thus wilfully
holding at arm’s length, the knowledge that is essential to its own
ulterior progress. The maximum cultivation of which the human intellect
is susceptible while it denies itself all the resources of its higher
spiritual consciousness, can never be more than a preparatory process
as compared with that which may set in when the faculties are
sufficiently enlarged to enter into conscious relationship with the
super-physical planes or aspects of Nature.

For anyone who will have the patience to study the published results
of psychic investigation during the last fifty years, the reality of
clairvoyance as an occasional phenomenon of human intelligence must
establish itself on an immovable foundation. For those who, without
being occultists–students that is to say of Nature’s loftier aspects,
in a position to obtain better teaching than that which any written
books can give–for those who merely avail themselves of recorded
evidence, a declaration on the part of others of a disbelief in the
possibility of clairvoyance, is on a level with the proverbial
African’s disbelief in ice. But the experiences of clairvoyance that
have accumulated on the hands of those who have studied it in
connection with mesmerism, do no more than prove the existence in human
nature of a capacity for cognizing physical phenomena distant either in
space or time, in some way which has nothing to do with the physical
senses. Those who have studied the mysteries of clairvoyance in
connection with theosophic teaching have been enabled to realize that
the ultimate resources of that faculty range as far beyond its humbler
manifestations, dealt with by unassisted enquirers, as the resources of
the higher mathematics exceed those of the abacus. Clairvoyance,
indeed, is of many kinds, all of which fall easily into their places
when we appreciate the manner in which human consciousness functions on
different planes of Nature. The faculty of reading the pages of a
closed book, or of discerning objects blindfold, or at a distance from
the observer, is quite a different faculty from that employed on the
cognition of past events. That last is the kind of which it is
necessary to say something here, in order that the true character of
the present treatise on Atlantis may be understood, but I allude to the
others merely that the explanation I have to give may not be mistaken
for a complete theory of clairvoyance in all its varieties.

We may best be helped to a comprehension of clairvoyance as related
to past events, by considering in the first instance the phenomena of
memory. The theory of memory which relates it to an imaginary
rearrangement of physical molecules of brain matter, going on at every
instant of our lives, is one that presents itself as plausible to no
one who can ascend one degree above the thinking level of the
uncompromising atheistical materialist. To every one who accepts, even
as a reasonable hypothesis, the idea that a man is something more than
a carcase in a state of animation, it must be a reasonable hypothesis
that memory has to do with that principle in man which is
super-physical. His memory in short, is a function of some other than
the physical plane. The pictures of memory are imprinted, it is clear,
on some nonphysical medium, and are accessible to the embodied thinker
in ordinary cases by virtue of some effort he makes in as much
unconsciousness as to its precise character, as he is unconscious of
the brain impulse which actuates the muscles of his heart. The events
with which he has had to do in the past are photographed by Nature on
some imperishable page of super-physical matter, and by making an
appropriate interior effort, he is capable of bringing them again, when
he requires them, within the area of some interior sense which reflects
its perception on the physical brain. We are not all of us able to make
this effort equally well, so that memory is sometimes dim, but even in
the experience of mesmeric research, the occasional super-excitation of
memory under mesmerism is a familiar fact. The circumstances plainly
show that the record of Nature is accessible if we know how to recover
it, or even if our own capacity to make an effort for its recovery is
somehow improved without our having an improved knowledge of the method
employed. And from this thought we may arrive by an easy transition at
the idea, that in truth the records of Nature are not separate
collections of individual property, but constitute the all-embracing
memory of Nature herself, on which different people are in a position
to make drafts according to their several capacities.

I do not say that the one thought necessarily ensues as a logical
consequence of the other. Occultists know that what I have stated is
the fact, but my present purpose is to show the reader who is not an
Occultist, how the accomplished Occultist arrives at his results,
without hoping to epitomize all the stages of his mental progress in
this brief explanation. Theosophical literature at large must be
consulted by those who would seek a fuller elucidation of the
magnificent prospects and practical demonstrations of its teaching in
many directions, which, in the course of the Theosophical development,
have been laid before the world for the benefit of all who are
competent to profit by them.

The memory of Nature is in reality a stupendous unity, just as in
another way all mankind is found to constitute a spiritual unity if we
ascend to a sufficiently elevated plane of Nature in search of the
wonderful convergence where unity is reached without the loss of
individuality. For ordinary humanity, however, at the early stage of
its evolution represented at present by the majority, the interior
spiritual capacities ranging beyond those which the brain is an
instrument for expressing, are as yet too imperfectly developed to
enable them to get into touch with any other records in the vast
archives of Nature’s memory, except those with which they have
individually been in contact at their creation. The blindfold interior
effort they are competent to make, will not as a rule, call up any
others. But in a flickering fashion we have experience in ordinary life
of efforts that are a little more effectual. "Thought Transference" is
a humble example. In that case "impressions on the mind" of one
person–Nature’s memory pictures, with which he is in normal
relationship, are caught up by someone else who is just able, however
unconscious of the method he uses, to range Nature’s memory under
favourable conditions, a little beyond the area with which he himself
is in normal relationship. Such a person has begun, however slightly,
to exercise the faculty of astral clairvoyance. That term may be
conveniently used to denote the kind of clairvoyance I am now
endeavoring to elucidate, the kind which, in some of its more
magnificent developments, has been employed to carry out the
investigations on the basis of which the present account of Atlantis
has been compiled.

There is no limit really to the resources of astral clairvoyance in
investigations concerning the past history of the earth, whether we are
concerned with the events that have befallen the human race in
prehistoric epochs, or with the growth of the planet itself through
geological periods which antedated the advent of man, or with more
recent events, current narrations of which have been distorted by
careless or perverse historians. The memory of Nature is infallibly
accurate and inexhaustibly minute. A time will come as certainly as the
precession of the equinoxes, when the literary method of historical
research will be laid aside as out of date, in the case of all original
work. People among us who are capable of exercising astral clairvoyance
in full perfection–but have not yet been called away to higher
functions in connection with the promotion of human progress, of which
ordinary humanity at present knows even less than an Indian ryot knows
of cabinet councils–are still very few. Those who know what the few
can do, and through what processes of training and self-discipline they
have passed in pursuit of interior ideals, of which when attained
astral clairvoyance is but an individual circumstance, are many, but
still a small minority as compared with the modern cultivated world.
But as time goes on, and within a measurable future, some of us have
reason to feel sure that the numbers of those who are competent to
exercise astral clairvoyance will increase sufficiently to extend the
circle of those who are aware of their capacities, till it comes to
embrace all the intelligence and culture of civilized mankind only a
few generations hence. Meanwhile the present volume is the first that
has been put forward as the pioneer essay of the new method of
historical research. It is amusing to all who are concerned with it, to
think how inevitably it will be mistaken–for some little while as yet,
by materialistic readers, unable to accept the frank explanation here
given of the principle on which it has been prepared–for a work of
imagination.

For the benefit of others who may be more intuitive it may be well
to say a word or two that may guard them from supposing that because
historical research by means of astral clairvoyance is not impeded by
having to deal with periods removed from our own by hundreds of
thousands of years, it is on that account a process which involves no
trouble. Every fact stated In the present volume has been picked up bit
by bit with watchful and attentive care, in the course of an
investigation on which more than one qualified person has been engaged,
in the intervals of other activity, for some years past. And to promote
the success of their work they have been allowed access to some maps
and other records physically preserved from the remote periods
concerned–though in safer keeping than in that of the turbulent races
occupied in Europe with the development of civilization in brief
intervals of leisure from warfare, and hard pressed by the fanaticism
that so long treated science as sacrilegious during the middle ages of
Europe.

Laborious as the task has been however, it will be recognized as
amply repaying the trouble taken, by everyone who is able to perceive
how absolutely necessary to a proper comprehension of the world as we
find it, is a proper comprehension of its preceding Atlantean phase.
Without this knowledge all speculations concerning ethnology are futile
and misleading. The course of race development is chaos and confusion
without the key furnished by the character of Atlantean civilization
and the configuration of the earth at Atlantean periods. Geologists
know that land and ocean surfaces must have repeatedly changed places
during the period at which they also know-from the situation of human
remains in the various strata-that the lands were inhabited. And yet
for want of accurate knowledge as to the dates at which the changes
took place, they discard the whole theory from their practical
thinking, and, except for certain hypotheses started by naturalists
dealing with the southern hemisphere, have generally endeavoured to
harmonize race migrations with the configuration of the earth in
existence at the present time.

In this way nonsense is made of the whole retrospect; and the
ethnological scheme remains so vague and shadowy that it fails to
displace crude conceptions of mankind’s beginning, which still dominate
religious thinking and keep back the spiritual progress of the age. The
decadence and ultimate disappearance of Atlantean civilization is in
turn as instructive as its rise and glory; but I have now accomplished
the main purpose with which I sought leave to introduce the work now
before the world, with a brief prefatory explanation, and if its
contents fail to convey a sense of its importance to any readers I am
now addressing, that result could hardly be accomplished by further
recommendations of mine. Views of Scott Eliot

General Blog

Einstein on a Personal God

Einstein on a Personal God

On 22 March 1954 a self-made man sent Einstein in Princeton a long
handwritten letter-four closely packed pages in English. The correspondent
despaired that there were so few people like Einstein who had the courage
to speak out, and he wondered if it would not be best to return the world
to the animals. Saying "I presume you would like to know who I am,"
he went on to tell in detail how he had come from Italy to the United States
at the age of nine, arriving in bitter cold weather, as a result of which
his sisters died while he barely survived; how after six months of schooling
he went to work at age ten; how at age seventeen he went to Evening School;
and so on, so that now he had a regular job as an experimental machinist,
had a spare-time business of his own, and had some patents to his credit.
He declared himself an atheist. He said that real education came from reading
books. He cited an article about Einstein’s religious beliefs and expressed
doubts as to the article’s accuracy. He was irreverent about various aspects
of formal religion, speaking about the millions of people who prayed to
God in many languages, and remarking that God must have an enormous clerical
staff to keep track of all their sins. And he ended with a long discussion
of the social and political systems of Italy and the United States that
it would take too long to describe here. He also enclosed a check for Einstein
to give to charity.

On 24 March 1954 Einstein answered in English as follows:

I get hundreds and hundreds of letters but seldom one so interesting
as yours. I believe that your opinions about our society are quite reasonable.

It was, of course, a lie what you read about my religious convictions,
a lie which is being systematically repeated. I do not believe in a personal
God and I have never denied this but have expressed it clearly. If something
is in me which can be called religious then it is the unbounded admiration
for the structure of the world so far as our science can reveal it.

I have no possibility to bring the money you sent me to the appropriate
receiver. I return it therefore in recognition of your good heart and intention.
Your letter shows me also that wisdom is not a product of schooling but
of the lifelong attempt to acquire it.

There is in the Einstein Archives a letter dated 5 August 1927 from
a banker in Colorado to Einstein in Berlin. Since it begins "Several
months ago I wrote you as follows," one may assume that Einstein had
not yet answered. The banker remarked that most scientists and the like
had given up the idea of God as a bearded, benevolent father figure surrounded
by angels, although many sincere people worship and revere such a God.
The question of God had arisen in the course of a discussion in a literary
group, and some of the members decided to ask eminent men to send their
views in a form that would be suitable for publication. He added that some
twenty-four Nobel Prize winners had already responded, and he hoped that
Einstein would too. On the letter, Einstein wrote the following in German.
It may or may not have been sent:

I cannot conceive of a personal God who would directly influence the
actions of individuals, or would directly sit in judgment on creatures
of his own creation. I cannot do this in spite of the fact that mechanistic
causality has, to a certain extent, been placed in doubt by modern science.

My religiosity consists in a humble admiration of the infinitely superior
spirit that reveals itself in the little that we, with our weak and transitory
understanding, can comprehend of reality. Morality is of the highest importance-but
for us, not for God.

A Chicago Rabbi, preparing a lecture on "The Religious Implications
of the Theory of Relativity," wrote to Einstein in Princeton on zo
December 1939 to ask some questions on the topic. Einstein replied as follows:

I do not believe that the basic ideas of the theory of relativity can
lay claim to a relationship with the religious sphere that is different
from that of scientific knowledge in general. I see this connection in
the fact that profound interrelationships in the objective world can Ije
comprehended through simple logical concepts. To be sure, in the theory
of relativity this is the case in particularly full measure.

The religious feeling engendered by experiencing the logical comprehensibility
of profound interrelations is of a somewhat different sort from the feeling
that one usually calls religious. It is more a feeling of awe at the scheme
that is manifested in the material universe. It does not lead us to take
the step of fashioning a god-like being in our own image-a personage who
makes demands of us and who takes an interest in us as individuals. There
is in this neither a will nor a goal, nor a must, but only sheer being.
For this reason, people of our type see in morality a purely human matter,
albeit the most important in the human sphere.

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